Hours of sleep and associated factors in college students during the COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: Sleep alterations are common in college students, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sociodemographic factors may predict these alterations in this population. OBJECTIVE: To identify the sociodemographic factors and health characteristics associated with the number of hours of sleep of college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study carried out with 244 university students from a multicampi public university in the State of Bahia, Northeast Brazil. Data collection was performed online and participants answered a specific questionnaire to assess sleep hours, sociodemographic and health variables. RESULTS: Significant associations were observed between hours of sleep and older students (odds ratio adjusted -ORaj: 3.75; 95% Confidence Interval -CI: 1.81-7.75; p <  0.01), attending the final semesters (ORaj: 1.85; 95% CI: 1.05-3.25; p <  0.03), and who reported having some disease (ORaj: 2.18; 95% CI: 1.05-4.50; p <  0.03) with greater chances of getting less sleep. However, those who used tobacco (ORaj: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.01-0.45; p <  0.001) were likely to have more hours of sleep per night. CONCLUSION: Sleep restriction was common among participating college students, which has likely intensified due to the COVID-19 pandemic and its restrictions. This encourages specific public health actions, contemplating the health and hours of sleep of this population.

Variação da pressão arterial não se associa com a aptidão física e mobilidade funcional de idosas hipertensas / Blood pressure variation is not associated with physical fitness and functional mobility in hypertensive elderly women

Objetivo: associar a variação da pressão arterial (PA) com alguns componentes da aptidão física relacionada à saúde e a mobilidade funcional em mulheres idosas hipertensas. Metodologia: foram avaliadas 37 voluntárias com idade entre 61 e 80 anos no Laboratório de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão sobre Envelhecimento (LEPEEn). A PA foi aferida em repouso e 15 minutos após a realização dos testes, na posição sentada. Realizou-se a composição corporal, os testes de força de preensão manual (FPM), sentar-se e levantar da cadeira (SLC), marcha estacionaria (ME), time up and go (TUG), e velocidade da caminhada (VC). Foi utilizada a correlação linear de Pearson para verificar as possíveis associações entre as variáveis. Resultados: a variação (Δ) da PA entre o repouso e a recuperação não apresentou diferença significativa (p > 0,05). A FPM do membro dominante e os desempenhos nos testes TUG e VC foram satisfatórios. Porém, os resultados obtidos nos testes de SLC e ME ficaram ligeiramente abaixo do indicado. Observou-se que o percentual de músculo esquelético foi considerado normal, porém o percentual de gordura e o índice de massa corporal ficaram acima dos valores de referência. Conclusão: é provável que o excesso de gordura tenha influenciado na resposta hipotensora após os testes, corroborando assim, para que não houvesse associação entre as variáveis do estudo.

Objective: to analyse the association of variations in blood pressure (BP) with some components of physical fitness related to health and functional mobility in elderly hypertensive women. Methodology: 37 volunteers aged between 61 and 80 years were evaluated at the Laboratory of Teaching, Research and Extension on Aging (LEPEEn). BP was measured at rest and 15 minutes after the tests were performed, in a sitting position. Body composition, handgrip strength (HGS), sitting and standing from a chair (SGC), stationary gait (SG), time up and go (TUG), and walking speed (WS) tests were performed. Pearson's linear correlation was used to verify possible associations between variables. Results: the BP variation (Δ) between rest and recovery did not show a significant difference (p > 0.05). The HGS of the dominant limb and the performance in the TUG and WS tests were satisfactory. However, the results obtained in the SGC and SG tests were slightly below the expected. It was observed that the percentage of skeletal muscle was considered normal, but the percentage of fat and the body mass index were above the normal range. Conclusion: it is likely that excess fat may have influenced the hypotensive response after the tests, thus corroborating the lack of association between the study variables.

Factors Associated with the Lifestyle of Pediatric Healthcare Professionals during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The objective of this study was to analyze the association between sociodemographic and occupational variables with the lifestyle of health professionals in pediatric units during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 407 health professionals working in four pediatric health units in the State of Bahia, northeast Brazil. The Fantastic Lifestyle Questionnaire and a questionnaire with sociodemographic and employment variables self-applied via Google Forms were used. The final binary logistic regression models revealed significant associations between those who received 3 to 5 minimum wages, without a marital relationship and with more than one employment relationship. Data suggest that these sociodemographic and occupational profiles are more exposed to risky lifestyle behaviors. The findings of this study demonstrated the need for greater attention to the health of health professionals in the pediatric field, as well as the promotion of initiatives that seek to value the work of these professionals and reduce the damage caused to their lifestyle, especially in a pandemic scenario.

Cardiovascular Risk and Factors Associated to the Health in Hypertensive African Descent People Resident in Quilombola Community / Riesgo cardiovascular y factores asociados a la salud en personas afrodescendientes hipertensas residentes en la comunidad Quilombola / Risco cardiovascular e fatores associados à saúde em pessoas afrodescendentes hipertensas residentes em comunidade Quilombola

Abstract Introduction Hypertension is a cardiovascular risk factor of wide magnitude among people of African descent, especially those living in Quilombos. However, little is known about the factors associated with cardiovascular risk in residents of the urban Quilombola community. Objetive To analyze the cardiovascular risk and health-related factors in the family context of hypertensive Afro-descendants living in an urban Quilombola. Materials and methods It is a cross-sectional and community-based study carried out from November 2017 to March 2018. The study's population consisted of 303 hypertensive patients enrolled in the family health unit, with ages ranging from 35 to 79 years old, of both genders; and using antihypertensive drugs. The instruments used for data production were: The Primary Arterial Hypertension Questionnaire and the Framingham Risk Score . Results There was a significant association between cardiovascular risk and cardiovascular disease (CVD) family history (p<0.011), type II diabetes (p<0.001) and overweight and obesity (p<0.010). Conclusion Research has shown that hypertensive Quilombola people have consistent cardiovascular risk outcomes, especially with CVD family history, type II diabetes, overweight and obesity, schooling and gender with significant associations.

Resumen Introducción La hipertensión es un factor de riesgo cardiovascular de gran magnitud entre las personas de ascendencia africana, especialmente las que viven en quilombos. Sin embargo, se sabe poco sobre los factores asociados con el riesgo cardiovascular en los residentes de la comunidad urbana Quilombola. Objetivo Analizar el riesgo cardiovascular y los factores asociados con la salud en el contexto familiar de los descendientes africanos hipertensos que viven en una comunidad urbana de Quilombolas. Material y métodos Este es un estudio transversal y basado en la comunidad, realizado desde noviembre de 2017 hasta marzo de 2018. La población de estudio consistió en 303 pacientes hipertensos inscritos en la unidad de salud familiar, de edad de 35 a 79 años, ambos sexos; y en el uso medicamentos antihipertensivos. Los instrumentos utilizados para producir los datos fueron: el Cuestionario de Hipertensión en Atención Primaria, la puntuación de riesgo de Framingham . Resultados Se observó una asociación significativa entre el riesgo cardiovascular y los antecedentes familiares de enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV) (p <0.011), diabetes tipo II (p <0.001) y sobrepeso y obesidad (p <0.010). Conclusión La investigación mostró que las personas Quilombolas hipertensos tienen resultados consistentes con respecto al riesgo cardiovascular, especialmente con la inclusión de antecedentes familiares de ECV, diabetes tipo II, sobrepeso y obesidad, educación y sexo con asociaciones significativas.

Resumo Introdução A hipertensão é um fator de risco cardiovascular de ampla magnitude entre pessoas de ascendência africana, principalmente, as que vivem em Quilombos. No entanto, pouco se sabe sobre os fatores associados ao risco cardiovascular em residentes na comunidade Quilombola urbana. Objetivo Analisar o risco cardiovascular e fatores associados à saúde no contexto familiar de descendentes africanos hipertensos que vivem em uma comunidade Quilombola urbana. Material e métodos Trata-se de um estudo censitário de base comunitária, realizado de novembro de 2017 a março de 2018. A população do estudo foi composta por 303 pacientes hipertensos matriculados na unidade de saúde da família, com idades entre 35 e 79 anos, ambos os sexos; e em uso de medicamentos anti-hipertensivos. Os instrumentos utilizados para produzir os dados foram: o Questionário de Hipertensão na Atenção Primária, e o escore de risco de Framingham . Resultados Foi observada associação significativa entre risco cardiovascular e histórico familiar de doença cardiovascular (DCV) (p <0,011), diabetes tipo II (p <0,001) e sobrepeso e obesidade (p <0,010). Conclusão A pesquisa mostrou que pessoas hipertensas quilombolas apresentam resultados consistentes em relação ao risco cardiovascular, principalmente com a inclusão de histórico familiar de DCV, diabetes tipo II, sobrepeso e obesidade, educação e sexo com associações significativas.

Velocidade da marcha e equilíbrio estático predizem risco de quedas em quedas em adultos e idosos fisicamente independentes / Gait speed and static balance predict risk of falls in physically independent adults and elderly

O objetivo do estudo foi identificar as variáveis físico-funcionais capazes de prever o risco de quedas (RQ) em adultos e idosos fisicamente independentes. Participaram da pesquisa 54 pessoas residentes na comunidade (44 mulheres), praticantes de atividade física regular, com idade de 63,8 ± 7,1 anos. Inicialmente, foram realizadas as medidas antropométricas e a composição corporal. Em seguida, avaliou-se a força de preensão manual, força dos membros inferiores, flexibilidade de tronco-membros inferiores, equilíbrio está- tico (EE) e a aptidão cardiorrespiratória. Também foram realizados os testes da velocidade da marcha (VM) e Time Up and Go, para avaliar, respectivamente, a mobilidade funcional e o RQ. A regressão linear múltipla resultou em dois modelos significativos (p<0,0001) capazes de prever o RQ nos voluntários. No primeiro, a VM explicou 59,7% da variabilidade no RQ. No segundo, a VM e o EE, juntos, explicaram 63,2% dessa variação, embora o efeito da VM tenha sido maior. Para as mulheres do estudo, dois modelos significativos (p<0,0001) foram apresentados para prever o RQ. No modelo 1 (R2 =0,47), a VM foi a única preditora significativa (ß= - 0,686; p<0,0001) para o RQ, enquanto no modelo 2 (R2 =0,533), tanto a VM (ß= - 0,648; p<0,0001) quanto a idade (ß=0,252; p=0,024) foram preditoras. Entre os homens da pesquisa, a VM foi a única preditora significativa (ß= -0,868; p=0,001) para o RQ. Os resultados demonstraram que a VM e o EE foram preditores para o RQ em adultos e idosos fisicamente independentes, de ambos os sexos.(AU)

The study aimed was to identify the physical-functional variables capable of predicting the risk of falls (RF) in physically independent adults and elderly people. 54 people residing in the community (44 women), participating in regular physical activity, aged 63.8 ± 7.1 years, participated in the research. Initially, anthropometric measurements and body composition were performed. Then, handgrip strength, lower limb strength, trunk-lower limb flexibility, static balance (SB), and cardiorespiratory fitness were assessed. Gait speed (GS) and Time Up and Go tests were also performed to assess functional mobility and RF, respectively. Multiple linear regression resulted in two significant models (p <0.0001) capable of predicting the RF in the volunteers. In the first, the GS explained 59.7% of the variability in the RF. In the second, the GS and the SB, together, explained 63.2% of this variation, although the effect of GS was greater. For the women in the study, two significant models (p <0.0001) were presented to predict the RF. In model 1 (R 2 =0.47), GS was the only significant predictor ( ß = - 0.686; p <0.0001) for RF, while in model 2 (R 2 =0.533), both GS ( ß = - 0.648; p <0.0001) and age (ß =0.252; p =0.024) were predictors. Among the men in the study, GS was the only significant predictor (ß = -0.868; p =0.001) for RF. The results demonstrated that GS and SB were predictors for RF in physically independent adults and elderly, of both sexes.(AU)

Isometric Exercise with Large Muscle Mass Improves Redox Balance and Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Adults.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the hemodynamic, oxidative stress (OS), and nitric oxide (NO) responses to a submaximal isometric exercise session (IES) involving large muscle mass. METHODS: Fourteen hypertensive (HTG: age = 35.9 ± 8.1 yr, height = 1.73 ± 0.10 m, total body mass = 78.0 ± 15.8 kg) and 10 normotensive (NTG: age = 41.1 ± 9.4 yr, height = 1.71 ± 0.12 m, total body mass = 82.3 ± 22.4 kg) participants performed two experimental sessions in the leg press and bench press: (i) control session and (ii) 8 sets × 1 min contraction at 30% maximal voluntary isometric contraction with 2-min rest interval. Blood pressure (BP) was measured at rest and during 60 min postexercise. Blood samples were collected at rest, immediately after the session, and 60 min postexercise. NO was obtained through the Griess reaction method. OS parameters were analyzed using commercial kits. A repeated-measures ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test was used to analyze all dependent variables. RESULTS: A significant decrease in systolic BP was observed only for HTG at 45 and 60 min postexercise (baseline vs 45 min: P = 0.03, Δ% = 4.44%; vs 60 min: P = 0.018, Δ% = 5.58%). NO increased immediately postexercise only for HTG (P = 0.008, Δ% = 16.44%). Regarding OS parameters, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances presented a significant reduction 60 min after the IES for NTG and HTG; catalase increased in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: The data showed that only 8 min of IES with a large muscle mass elicits an elevated pro-oxidant activity leading to a greater NO bioavailability, increases antioxidant reaction, and consequently reduces BP in hypertensive patients.

Dynamic, Not Isometric Resistance Training Improves Muscle Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Hypertrophy in Rats.

This study aimed to compare the effects of dynamic (DRT) and isometric (IRT) resistance training on blood glucose, muscle redox capacity, inflammatory state, and muscle strength and hypertrophy. Fifteen 12-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into three groups: control group (CTL), DRT, and IRT, n = 5 animals per group. The animals were submitted to a maximal weight carried (MWC; every 15 days) and maximum isometric resistance (MIR; pre- and post-training) tests. Both training protocols were performed five times a week during 12 weeks, consisting of one set of eight uninterrupted climbs for 1 min with a 30% overload of MWC. The animals in the IRT group remained under isometry for 1 min. The DRT group experienced greater MWC from pre- to post-training compared to the CTL and IRT groups (p < 0.0001). The DRT and IRT groups displayed similar gains in MIR (p = 0.3658). The DRT group exhibited improved glycemic homeostasis (p = 0.0111), redox (p < 0.0001), and inflammatory (p < 0.0001) balance as compared with CTL and IRT groups. In addition, the improved glycemic profile was associated with an increase in muscle strength and hypertrophy, improvement in redox balance and inflammation status. We conclude that DRT was more effective than IRT on increasing cross-sectional area, but not muscle strength, in parallel to improved blood glucose, inflammatory status, and redox balance.

Heart rate variability in middle-aged sprint and endurance athletes.

BACKGROUND: Aging is associated with decreased autonomic balance which could be assessed by Heart Rate Variability (HRV). Exercise training improves autonomic balance, but there is a lack in the literature regarding the heart rate variability (HRV) of master sprinters and endurance athletes. PURPOSE: The effects of lifelong endurance and sprint training on cardiac autonomic balance were assessed in master athletes and compared with age-matched controls and young untrained controls. METHODS: Participants (n = 81) were 8 master sprinters (MS; 51.8 ±â€¯11.1 yrs), 8 master endurance athletes (EN, n = 8, 53.6 ±â€¯8.6 yrs), 17 age-matched untrained (CON, 47.47 ±â€¯6.00 yrs) and 48 young controls (YC, 25.40 ±â€¯3.87 yrs). For the acquisition of RR intervals (iRR) (Polar RS800X Heart Rate Monitor®) the participants remained seated for 15-min with the final 10-min being considered for analysis. HRV was measured using Kubios software. A one-way ANOVA with repeated measures was applied. RESULTS: All studied parameters did not differ between MS and EN {Time Domain [HR (bpm) 59.00 ±â€¯6.13 vs. 58.94 ±â€¯12.75], [R-R (ms) 1030.45 ±â€¯107.45 vs. 1068.77 ±â€¯206.17], [SDNN (ms) 57.35 ±â€¯20.07 vs. 80.66 ±â€¯71.07], [RMSSD (ms) 40.88 ±â€¯20.07 vs. 38.93 ±â€¯20.44]; Non-linear domain [SD1 (ms) 28.93 ±â€¯14.20 vs. 27.56 ±â€¯14.46]}, whose demonstrated a reduced HR and elevated mean R-R intervals in comparison to both YC {[HR (bpm) 69.64 ±â€¯9.81]; [R-R (ms) 883.93 ±â€¯124.11]} and age-matched controls {[HR (bpm) 70.06 ±â€¯6.63]; [R-R (ms) 865.11 ±â€¯78.39]}. It was observed a lower HRV for middle-aged CON {[RMSSD (ms) 20.23 ±â€¯5.87], [SDNN (ms) 37.79 ±â€¯10.15] and [SD1 (ms) 14.31 ±â€¯4.15]} compared to YC {[RMSSD (ms) 43.33 ±â€¯26.41], [SDNN (ms) 67.07 ±â€¯28.77] and [SD1 (ms) 30.66 ±â€¯18.69; p < .05]}. These last age-related differences were not observed for MS and EN. CONCLUSION: For master athletes, regardless of whether they are trained in endurance or sprinters, both training modes revealed to be equally beneficial in attenuating the effects of aging on the autonomic balance.

Hatha yoga e a melhora da força de preensão palmar, velocidade da marcha e percepção de ansiedade em mulheres adultas / Hatha yoga: improves handgrip strength, gait speed and the perception of anxiety in adult women / Hatha yoga: mejora la fuerza de asimiento palmar, velocidad de la marcha y percepción de ansiedad en mujeres adultas

Trata-se de um estudo experimental que verificou o efeito do hatha yoga sobre alguns marcadores da capacidade funcional (CF) e sobre a percepção de ansiedade (PA) em mulheres adultas. As voluntárias foram divididas em grupo-controle e grupo-yoga e avaliadas pré- e pós-intervenção. Por meio dos testes de contração voluntária isométrica máxima de preensão palmar, velocidade da marcha e a escala de ansiedade, observou-se que a intervenção foi efetiva para melhorar os marcadores da CF e a PA das voluntárias.

This is an experimental study that verified the effect of hatha yoga on some functional capacity (FC) markers and on the perception of anxiety (PA) in adult women. The volunteers were divided into control group and yoga group and evaluated pre and post intervention. Through the tests of maximal isometric voluntary contraction of handgrip, gait speed and anxiety scale, it was observed that the intervention was effective to improve the FC markers and PA of the volunteers.

Se trata de un estudio experimental que verificó el efecto del hatha yoga sobre algunos marcadores de la capacidad funcional (CF) y sobre la percepción de ansiedad (PA) en mujeres adultas. Las voluntarias se dividieron en grupos control y grupo de yoga y evaluados pre y post intervención. Por medio de las pruebas de contracción voluntaria isométrica máxima de asimiento palmar, velocidad de la marcha y la escala de ansiedad, se observó que la intervención fue efectiva para mejorar los marcadores de la CF y la PA de las voluntarias.